Natural Science and Technology Past Exam Papers and Memos Grade 4: Facts in South Africa
Introduction
Natural Science and Technology (NST) is a subject that encompasses a wide range of scientific concepts and technological applications. It is an essential component of the South African school curriculum, providing learners with a foundation in scientific literacy and critical thinking skills. Past exam papers and memos are valuable resources for students preparing for NST assessments. They offer insights into the types of questions that may be asked, the level of difficulty, and the expected responses.
Section 1: Physical Sciences
1.1 Matter and Materials
Exam Paper Question: Describe the three states of matter and give an example of each.
Memo Answer:
- Solid: Has a definite shape and volume (e.g., ice)
- Liquid: Has a definite volume but no definite shape (e.g., water)
- Gas: Has no definite shape or volume (e.g., air)
Exam Paper Question: Explain how materials can be classified as conductors or insulators.
Memo Answer:
- Conductors: Allow electricity to flow through them easily (e.g., metals)
- Insulators: Do not allow electricity to flow through them easily (e.g., plastic)
1.2 Energy and Change
Exam Paper Question: Define energy and list different forms of energy.
Memo Answer:
- Energy: The ability to do work
- Forms of energy: Heat, light, sound, electrical, chemical, mechanical
Exam Paper Question: Describe the process of photosynthesis and its importance.
Memo Answer:
- Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create glucose and oxygen
- Importance: Provides food and oxygen for living organisms
Section 2: Life Sciences
2.1 Living Things and Their Environment
Exam Paper Question: Explain the difference between a producer and a consumer.
Memo Answer:
- Producer: An organism that makes its own food (e.g., plants)
- Consumer: An organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms (e.g., animals)
Exam Paper Question: Describe the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces.
Memo Answer:
- Importance of biodiversity: Provides ecosystem services, such as food, water, and medicine
- Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, pollution, climate change
2.2 Human Body and Health
Exam Paper Question: Explain the function of the respiratory system.
Memo Answer:
- Respiratory system: Responsible for breathing, bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide
Exam Paper Question: Describe the importance of a balanced diet and the consequences of malnutrition.
Memo Answer:
- Balanced diet: Provides the body with essential nutrients
- Malnutrition: Can lead to health problems, such as stunted growth, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies
Section 3: Technology
3.1 Simple Machines
Exam Paper Question: Define a simple machine and give examples.
Memo Answer:
- Simple machine: A device that makes work easier
- Examples: Lever, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel and axle
Exam Paper Question: Explain how a lever can be used to lift heavy objects.
Memo Answer:
- Lever: A rigid bar that pivots on a fixed point
- Principle: The force required to lift an object is inversely proportional to the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the force is applied
3.2 Materials and Processes
Exam Paper Question: Describe the properties of different materials used in construction.
Memo Answer:
- Properties: Strength, durability, flexibility, insulation, fire resistance
- Materials: Wood, concrete, steel, plastic, glass
Exam Paper Question: Explain the process of recycling and its benefits.
Memo Answer:
- Recycling: The process of converting waste materials into new products
- Benefits: Reduces waste, conserves resources, protects the environment
Conclusion
Past exam papers and memos are invaluable tools for students preparing for NST assessments. They provide a comprehensive overview of the content covered, the types of questions asked, and the expected responses. By studying these resources, learners can gain a deeper understanding of scientific concepts, develop their critical thinking skills, and improve their overall performance in NST.