History Past Exam Papers and Memos: Grade 11
Section A: Multiple Choice (20 marks)
Instructions:
- Read each question carefully.
- Choose the best answer from the options provided.
- Circle or write the letter corresponding to your answer.
1. Which of the following was a major cause of the Anglo-Boer War?
(A) British desire for control of the gold and diamond mines
(B) Boer resistance to British rule
(C) German support for the Boers
(D) All of the above
2. Who was the first president of the Union of South Africa?
(A) Louis Botha
(B) Jan Smuts
(C) Paul Kruger
(D) Nelson Mandela
3. Which of the following was a key provision of the Natives Land Act of 1913?
(A) It prohibited Africans from owning land outside of designated "reserves"
(B) It granted Africans the right to vote
(C) It established a system of apartheid
(D) It abolished the pass laws
4. Who led the African National Congress (ANC) during the early years of apartheid?
(A) Albert Luthuli
(B) Nelson Mandela
(C) Walter Sisulu
(D) Steve Biko
5. Which of the following was a major event in the Sharpeville Massacre?
(A) Police opened fire on a peaceful protest against pass laws
(B) The government declared a state of emergency
(C) The ANC was banned
(D) All of the above
Section B: Short Answer (30 marks)
Instructions:
- Answer all questions in the space provided.
- Write clearly and concisely.
1. Describe the main provisions of the Union of South Africa Act of 1910.
2. Explain the role of the Afrikaner Broederbond in the development of apartheid.
3. Discuss the significance of the Soweto Uprising in the anti-apartheid movement.
Section C: Essay (50 marks)
Instructions:
- Choose one of the following essay questions.
- Write a well-organized and well-argued essay of approximately 500 words.
1. Analyze the causes and consequences of the Anglo-Boer War.
2. Discuss the impact of apartheid on South African society.
3. Evaluate the role of the ANC in the struggle against apartheid.
Memo
Section A: Multiple Choice
- D
- A
- A
- A
- D
Section B: Short Answer
- Main Provisions of the Union of South Africa Act of 1910:
- Established the Union of South Africa as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire
- Created a bicameral parliament with a House of Assembly and a Senate
- Granted voting rights to white males over the age of 21
- Excluded Africans, Indians, and Coloureds from voting
- Role of the Afrikaner Broederbond in the Development of Apartheid:
- The Afrikaner Broederbond was a secret society founded in 1918
- Its members were primarily Afrikaner nationalists who believed in the superiority of the white race
- The Broederbond played a key role in shaping apartheid policies, particularly in the areas of education, housing, and employment
- Significance of the Soweto Uprising:
- The Soweto Uprising was a student-led protest against the use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in schools
- The government’s violent response to the protests sparked widespread unrest and international condemnation
- The uprising marked a turning point in the anti-apartheid movement, galvanizing support for the ANC and other resistance organizations
Section C: Essay
1. Causes and Consequences of the Anglo-Boer War:
Causes:
- British desire for control of the gold and diamond mines
- Boer resistance to British rule
- German support for the Boers
Consequences:
- Boer defeat and the establishment of British rule over South Africa
- Deepening of racial divisions between Afrikaners and English-speakers
- Creation of a legacy of bitterness and resentment that would shape South African history for decades to come
2. Impact of Apartheid on South African Society:
Social Impact:
- Enforced racial segregation in all aspects of life
- Denial of basic rights and freedoms to non-whites
- Creation of a system of racial inequality and discrimination
Economic Impact:
- Exploitation of non-white labor
- Underdevelopment of African communities
- Concentration of wealth and power in the hands of the white minority
Political Impact:
- Suppression of political dissent
- Banning of opposition organizations
- Establishment of a police state
3. Role of the ANC in the Struggle Against Apartheid:
Early Years:
- Led by Albert Luthuli, the ANC advocated for non-violent resistance
- Organized protests and campaigns against apartheid laws
Exile and Armed Struggle:
- After the ANC was banned in 1960, it established an exile headquarters in Zambia
- Launched an armed struggle against the apartheid regime
Negotiations and Transition:
- In the 1980s, the ANC began negotiations with the government
- Played a key role in the transition to democracy in 1994